Prepositions in English are placed before nouns or pronouns and they give us information regarding position, time and direction. Prepositions are small but powerful words that help clarify the relationship between different parts of a sentence. Here, we will discuss how prepositions work, the different types of prepositions, and how to use them effectively in writing and speech.
(अंग्रेजी में prepositions को संज्ञा या सर्वनाम से पहले रखा जाता है और वे हमें स्थिति, समय और दिशा के बारे में जानकारी देते हैं। Prepositions छोटे लेकिन शक्तिशाली शब्द होते हैं जो वाक्य के विभिन्न भागों के बीच संबंध को स्पष्ट करने में मदद करते हैं। यहां, हम चर्चा करेंगे कि prepositions कैसे काम करते हैं, विभिन्न प्रकार की prepositions क्या हैं, और उन्हें लेखन और भाषण में प्रभावी ढंग से कैसे उपयोग किया जाए।)
The word ‘Preposition’ is a combination of ‘Pre’ and ‘position’. Pre means before and position means place. Preposition, therefore, means a word that ‘takes its place’ before a noun or a pronoun. It shows the relation of that noun or pronoun with some other word ( noun, pronoun, adverb, adjective) in the sentence.
(Preposition शब्द ‘pre’ और ‘position’ का संयोजन है। Pre का मतलब पहले और position का मतलब स्थान होता है। इसलिए ‘preposition’ का मतलब है एक ऐसा शब्द जो संज्ञा या सर्वनाम से पहले अपना स्थान लेता है। यह वाक्य में उस संज्ञा या सर्वनाम का किसी अन्य शब्द (संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, क्रियाविशेषण, विशेषण) के साथ संबंध दर्शाता है।)
Examples-
He walked towards the stage confidently.
He works under my supervision.
Meet me at the bus stop.
You put so much sugar into the coffee.
The toilets are located across the hall.
Most prepositions are used for more than one purpose i.e. a single preposition can be used to indicate place, time, direction, etc.
अधिकतर prepositions का प्रयोग एक से अधिक कार्य के लिए किया जाता है अर्थात कोई एक ही preposition का प्रयोग स्थान, समय, दिशा आदि को बताने के लिए किया जा सकता है।
An object of a preposition
The boy fell off the ladder.
In this sentence, the preposition ‘off’ shows the relationship between ‘fell’ and ‘ladder’.
The noun or a pronoun that follows a preposition is called the object of the preposition.
Position of Prepositions in English
Prepositions can be used either in the beginning, or in the middle of the sentence or at the end.
1. What is she thinking of?
2. What are you looking at? Or
At what are you looking?
3. The postman was standing at the doorstep.
4. At the time of the opening ceremony, the minister was present.
From where did you come?
5. Who was this article written by?
Types of Prepositions in English
There are five different types of prepositions on the basis of forms:
1. Simple prepositions
2. Double prepositions
3. Compound/complex/ phrase prepositions
4. Participle prepositions
5. Prepositional phrase
1. Simple prepositions in English- These are single words that connect nouns or pronouns to other words in a sentence.
( ये एकल शब्द होते हैं जो वाक्य में संज्ञा या सर्वनाम को अन्य शब्दों से जोड़ते हैं।)
Examples-
( at, for, in, off, on, over and under, etc.)
1. On– ऊपर / पर (Touch)
(Position on a horizontal or vertical surface-no movement )
The mobile is kept on the table.
Nikhil is sitting on the elephant.
Hang the painting on the wall.
Delhi is situated on the bank of Yamuna.
The book is lying on the table.
with dates, days of the week, parts of days of the week, special days/Occasion
He gave me a present on my birthday.
I will meet you on Monday.
He congratulated Hardik on his marriage.
His birthday is on 13th May/ May 13th.
We are going to the museum on Sunday morning.
Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated on October 2nd.
They came on the eve of Holi.
With certain parts of the body
I wear a watch on my wrist.
There was a tattoo on her arm.
There is a cap on his head.
I came on foot/Shanks’ pony.
With an intangible surface like subject, topic, behaviour, mind, etc.
I made a speech on democracy.
There is no burden on my mind.
He wrote a book on agriculture.
He works on his principles.
To show attachment to Scientific Inventions
He is talking on the phone/mobile.
You were listening to the news on the radio.
You can find details on the website.
On the right, on the left
The shop is on the left.
I was standing on the left.
Sit on my right.
An attachment to the straight line (way/path/road/bank)
I am on the way to the office.
You are on the right track.
London is situated on the bank of the Thames River.
With some types of Transport
I am on the bus/ train/ aeroplane.
I am on the horse/ the bicycle.
I came on the bike/ the scooter.
You can’t make phone calls on a plane.
Position on streets, roads, etc.
I used to live on Oxford Street.
He lives on Maple Street.
a floor in a house
Her flat is on the second floor.
I live on the first floor.
2. At-पर/में
It denotes the exact place/location or position
(at the station/ at the bus stop/ at the airport/ at the destination)
He was standing at the bus stop.
That boy was sitting at the end of the row.
They play the National Anthem at the beginning.
We have a farewell party at the end of our final semester.
She is waiting for me at the end of the road.
He aimed at the bird.
The train has arrived at platform no. 10.
night/midnight- during any night
A loud noise woke us up at midnight.
I sleep late at night.
I often work late at night.
He goes for a walk at night.
Parts of the day-( दिन के कुछ भाग)
dawn/sunrise/ daybreak/dusk/sunset/twilight
He will come at dawn.
I love taking a walk at sunrise.
At- It denotes the exact/ definite time( किसी निश्चित समय पर)
He arrived at 8 o’clock in the morning.
She is busy at the moment.
I was born at 2 o’clock.
What did you do at the weekend?
To tell the price-मूल्य बताने के लिए
I am buying potatoes at Rs. 20 per kg.
Mangoes are being sold at 100 rupees a kilo.
This vegetable is being sold at Rs. 40 per 5 kg.
At a festival-किसी त्योहार में/पर
I will come home at Holi.
He bursts a lot of crackers at Diwali.
We met our cousins at Christmas.
At- small places ( village/ town/ sector/ colony)
(छोटे स्थानों पर ( गांव/ कस्बा/ सेक्टर/ कॉलोनी)
I live at Rohini in Delhi.
She lives at Kirti Nagar in Jaipur.
He lives at Rohini in Delhi.
Before skill-(कौशल से पहले)
I am good at English.
He is bad at writing.
3. In-किसी जगह में/पर/पे(No change of medium/state)
It is used to indicate location within or inside something.
He is hosting a party in a five-star hotel.
He is sitting in the shade of the tree.
His father works in a factory.
He was swimming in the river.
He is sitting on/in the chair.
The frog was lying in the well.
In- में (के अंदर)-
(To show the location of a thing inside a limited area or an enclosed space)
The pins are in the drawer.
I have read it in a book.
I have some money in my wallet.
He didn’t find any game in your laptop.
Note- throw(verb) के साथ हमेशा ‘in’ का प्रयोग होता है चाहे medium change हो रहा है तो भी।
He threw the paper in the dustbin.
He threw the bucket in the river.
In some season-किसी मौसम में
We will meet you in the summer.
There are many insects in the rainy season.
In autumn, the leaves of the tree fall.
In spring, the weather becomes slightly warm.
We will meet you in winter.
In larger areas-(किसी देश/ शहर/द्वीप/ महाद्वीप में)
I live in Delhi.
He will study in America.
India is located in Asia.
In year/ month/ hour/ minute/second
There are 30 days in November.
I left the company in April 2019.
I will leave for the office in half an hour.
She learned to drive in three weeks.
In the morning/ evening/ afternoon
[सुबह/ शाम/ दोपहर में-(the longest duration of the day)]
The meeting starts at 7 in the morning.
I like to read in the afternoons.
We are coming in the evening.
I was there in the afternoon.
Period of time, longer periods of time, decades/ centuries
(समय की अवधि, लंबी अवधि, दशक/ शताब्दियां)
Mobile phones became popular in the nineties.
In the beginning of civilization, man didn’t know how to count.
In the beginning, I suffered a great loss.
In the end, Ajay and Vijay convinced him for the project.
It is also used in the sense of ‘After’
( इसका प्रयोग ‘बाद’ के अर्थ के लिए भी किया जाता है)
I will return the book in 5 days.
(when 5 days are over.)
The students will complete the work in an hour.
In the night- during one particular night ( एक विशेष रात के दौरान)
I had to get up to receive my parents in the night.
4. Of-का, के
It shows possession/ownership( ‘s)- (यह कब्जा/ स्वामित्व दर्शाता है)
The people of this village are very kind.
The dramas of Shakespeare are very interesting.
The water of the Ganga is dirty.
The cover of the book is red.
It shows cause/reason (यह कारण बताता है)
Die (of) disease- बीमारी से मरने के लिए
He died of Malaria.
His grandfather died of cancer.
He died of a heart attack.
He died of hunger.
It shows what something is made of( source)
( यह दर्शाता है कि कोई चीज़ किस चीज से बनी है (स्त्रोत)
That chair is made of plastic.
The table is made of wood.
The shoes are made of leather.
She wore a necklace made of gold.
Selection-(चयन)
One of the students was absent.
Of- का
It’s of no use to me.
He is the President of India.
The problems of Delhi are increasing day by day.
5. For-(समय) से/के लिए/में
It denotes the length of an action or how long an action lasts (duration)
He has been learning English for three years.
We have been friends for ten years.
I have known him for a year.
In exchange (किसी चीज के बदले में कुछ लेना)
I bought this saree for Rs. 5000.
I gave him a fan for Rs. 500.
Ravi purchased a mobile for Rs. 20000.
I bought this pen for Rs. 10.
Purpose or Intent-(उद्देश्य)
Players are on the ground for practice.
He only competes for honor, not money.
He came to me for money.
Soldiers sacrifice their lives for the nation.
Intended Recipient-(इच्छित प्राप्तकर्ता)
This glass is for you.
I am happy for you.
In a duration-(किसी समय की अवधि में कुछ करना)
He will work only for 2 hours.
I lived in Delhi for 10 years.
We are going on holiday for two glorious weeks.
I slept for two hours in the afternoon.
6. Since-(समय) से
It denotes a definite ‘point of time.’
Shobha has been working here since 2010.
He has been absent since Monday.
We have been friends since high school.
My uncle has been living here since January.
I have known him since 2014.
I have been living in Delhi since 2014.
7. By- before/ no later than-तक
By- It denotes the point of time(A time limit)
By Monday/2016/evening…✓✓
By 2 hours……×××
He returns home by 7 o’clock in the evening.
I will complete this project by Sunday.
He will return your money by 4 o’clock.
He will be home by evening.
Reena will meet Meena by 9:00 in the morning.
By- द्वारा
It also indicates the ‘doer’ in passive voice
The gift had been sent by my uncle.
This picture was taken by my brother.
This book has been written by me.
Rohit was taken to the hospital by her friends.
We were informed by manager.
बगल में ( next to, adjacent, beside)
He came and sat by me.
I was crossing by a hut yesterday.
I was standing by him.
Why are the books kept by the slippers?
Note- ‘बगल में’ के sense के लिए next to, adjacent, beside का भी प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
means of transport/means of communication
( परिवहन के साधन/ संचार के साधन)
Note- इस दशा में किसी भी article (a, an, the) का प्रयोग नहीं होगा।
I will go there by car/ train/ taxi.
I came by road.
Amit comes to the office by bus.
I will inform him by email.
Note- बात अगर किसी particular means of transport या communication की हो रही हो तब ‘the’ का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
I will go there by the car of my friend.
I will pay your dues by the cheque of SBI.
Mode of payment-(भुगतान का प्रकार)
I will pay by card.
I will pay by cheque.
I will pay your dues by cheque.
Manner-(ढंग)
She learned the poem by heart.
I can win this match by playing well.
He can pass the exam by cheating.
She caught me by the collar.
8. With-से (के द्वारा)
Perform a task with the help of something
He cut his finger with a knife.
You can cut this rope with a knife.
He killed the bird with a stone.
I wrote the answers with a blue pen.
We can’t catch a big fish with a small rod.
He opened the box with a screwdriver.
It is used to indicate ” being together”- (के साथ)
(Accompany a person or thing or abstract)
He lives with honesty.
I will be with you shortly.
He was working with his brother.
I am always with you.
Neha with her sister was ready to work.
9. To-को/ से/के प्रति
It denotes movement from one place to another/destination.
He was going to the market.
Sri Lanka is to the south of India.
The PM went to the US.
I am going to your school.
They are going to the station.
Note- ‘To’ is not used before the word ‘home’.
He went home last night.
I go home on Sunday.
If possessive adjective is used before ‘home’, in this case ‘to’ can be used.
To+ possessive adj. +home
She came to my home last night.
They went to your home yesterday.
Time in relation to the next hour
(अगले घंटे के संबंध में समय)
It is quarter to six.
It is 10 minutes to five.
To tell from one point of time to another point of time or from one place to another
(एक point of time से दूसरे point of time या एक place से दूसरे place के बारे में बताने के लिए)
This shop is open from 9 am to 7 pm.
I work from Monday to Saturday.
He watched TV from 3 pm to 4 pm.
के प्रति( towards)
You should be loyal to your country.
You should be kind to animals.
Dogs are devoted to their masters.
Indicating a recipient/relationship
(प्राप्तकर्ता/संबंध का संकेत देना)
She gave the book to him.
Nisha gifted a golden watch to Harry.
Give this money to him.
She is an advisor to the president.
Purpose or reason(प्रयोजन या कारण)
She went to watch a movie.
Comparison or ratio(तुलना या अनुपात)
I prefer tea to coffee.
The score was three to one.
10. Towards- की ओर/की तरफ
(It denotes the direction of the movement)
He was running towards the railway station.
He pointed towards the door.
A snake was moving towards me.
Varun kicked the ball towards the goal.
.The bus is heading towards the town.
towards(के प्रति)
We should be kind towards the poor.
He always behaves respectfully towards teachers.
He has a positive attitude towards work.
We are moving towards a solution.
purpose or goal-(उद्देश्य या लक्ष्य)
This donation goes towards the cricket ground of the school.
We should contribute towards the building of the nation.
He has contributed nothing towards the school funds.
11. From-से
(from any source, origin- किसी स्त्रोत से)
We get light from the sun.
These lines are from Shakespeare.
I wrote it from the book.
Don’t spill water from the glass.
(from some place -किसी जगह से)
I am coming from Delhi.
They came from the park.
He came from the gym.
My college is about five kilometers from here.
They both left the park at 9 o’clock.
Note- इस sentence में leave के साथ from का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाएगा क्योंकि किसी जगह से निकलने के लिए leave के साथ किसी भी prep. का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता।
Point of time (किसी समय से) (denotes future)
I will start the work from Monday.
Nikhil will study from 10 o’clock.
He will work from tomorrow.
Note- जब कभी range की बात हो तब from-to का प्रयोग किया जाता है चाहे बात present, past या future की हो।
He works from 9 o’clock to 7 o’clock.
Count from this page to that page.
मैं 10 बजे से 5 बजे तक काम करता हूं।
I work from 10 to 5.
किसी स्त्रोत (source) से
I got this information from Google.
He took this story from the newspaper.
Note- ‘किसी स्त्रोत से’ की जब बात हो तब from की बजाय through का भी प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
Made from- से बना हुआ
Curd is made from milk.
Bread is made from wheat.
12. Off-से
It is used for separation –सतह से दूर होने पर
He slipped off the stairs.
The mango fell off the tree.
The cat jumped off the chair.
He got off the cycle.
He fell off the roof.
When you move away from a set goal
(किसी निर्धारित लक्ष्य से दूर होने पर)
We are going off the subject.
When away from a place
(किसी स्थान से दूर होने पर)
There was a village a little way off the sea shore.
That Island is two miles off the shore.
The restaurant is off the main highway.
Keep your dog off the flower beds.
When away from work
(किसी काम से दूर होने पर)
He is off duty now.
I took two weeks off in March.
In the sense of closing
(बंद करने के अर्थ में)
Switch off the light.
Turn off the fan.
Removal(निकालना)
Take your shoes off.
13. Over-ऊपर (Being directly above)
[vertically upwards (height)]
The plane flew over the clouds.
He held the umbrella over his head.
The birds flew over the trees.
The fan is just over your bed.
I will fly over the mountains.
ऊपर से( To move from the higher position-across something)
I jumped over the rope.
The dog jumped over the wall.
The Howrah Bridge is over the Hooghly River.
Renu is jumping over the hurdles.
That ball went over my head.
They ran over the grass.
Control or superiority
(नियंत्रण या श्रेष्ठता)
She presides over the committee.
Greater than a specific number and age
(किसी विशिष्ट संख्या और आयु से अधिक)
The population is over a million.
There were over 100 people at the party.
You need to be over the age of 18 to get a driver’s license.
He has two children over the age of 10.
ज़्यादा (In any measurement-किसी भी माप में)
He is over 6 feet.
The weight of this laptop is over 1 kg.
The length of this stick is over 4 feet.
Note- measurement के case में over की बजाय more than का भी प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
से ज़्यादा (More than), ढकना (To cover)
He has been here for over 2 years.
Put a hand over your mouth when you cough.
when one thing covers the other.(जब एक चीज़ दूसरी को ढक लेती है।)
Please put the blanket over the baby.
Could you spread the cloth over the table?
Put some cloth over this plate.
During an event
We had a long discussion over coffee.
14. Under-(नीचे)-vertically downwards (height)
The preposition ‘under’ indicates directly below something.
The lion is sitting under the tree.
A dog is sitting under the table.
The woman was sheltering under a tree.
He was sitting under the tree.
Less than a certain number, amount, or age
(एक निश्चित संख्या, राशि या आयु से कम)
We need under 100 people for the boat to float.
All the children were under the age of 10.
Children under fourteen won’t be allowed.
They have three children under the age of ten.
Lower status or Authority
(निचली स्थिति या अधिकार)
You work under me.
This department is under the new management.
You are under arrest.
Some work is going on
(कोई काम चल रहा है)
The hotel is under construction.
The case is under trial.
Not fully covered- बिना पूरी तरह ढके हुए
My sister is sitting under the Banyan tree.
He is hidden under the bed.
You are under the CCTV surveillance.
The babies are under constant supervision.
छोटा( In age-उम्र में), कम (In weight-वजन में)
He has two children under the age of 10.
You are under 18; that’s why, you are not allowed to drive.
The weight of this laptop is under 1 kg.
The beg was under 10 kg.
Note- weight के case में under की बजाय less than का भी प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
15. Above-(ऊपर)
The preposition ‘above’ indicates at a higher level than something
I enjoy watching the planes fly above me.
The temperature of this room is above 40° Celcius.
The airplane flew above the clouds.
His monthly income is above 10k.
The moon is above our heads.
Superiority/ Greater(श्रेष्ठता)
The officer above me is very strict.
In a list-लिस्ट में
My name is above your name on the list.
It is not mentioned on the list above.
In a building-बिल्डिंग में
My flat is above your flat.
In level-स्तर में
My city is 2000 meters above the sea level.
That river was flowing above the danger mark.
The performance was above average.
In parts of body-शरीर के भागों में
The stomach is the part above the waist.
Abstract-निराकार से
Being happy is above having money.
There is nothing above knowledge.
No achievement of mine is above my family.
He is above the poverty line.
Note- Abstract के case में above की जगह more than का भी प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
बड़ा (In age-उम्र में)
He has two children above the age of 10.
You are above 18, so you are allowed to drive.
ज़्यादा ( In any measurement-किसी भी माप में)
He is above 6 feet.
The length of this stick is above 4 feet.
The weight of this laptop is above 1 kg.
Note- measurement के case में above की जगह more than का भी प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
16. Below-(नीचे)
at a lower level than something
The sun sets below the horizon.
His monthly income is below 10k.
The students below 25 years of age cannot take the examination.
In a list-लिस्ट में
My name is below your name on the list.
His name is below my name on the merit list.
In a building-बिल्डिंग में
My house is below your house.
In level-स्तर में
Below a certain standard or a level
The temperature dropped below freezing point.
Scores are below average.
The submarine went below sea level.
My fever is below 100° Celsius.
His mouth was below water but his nose was above.
In parts of body-शरीर के भागों में
The eyes are below the forehead.
Abstract-निराकार से
Your performance was below my expectations.
This work is below my dignity.
It is below my dignity to go to them.
They live below the poverty line.
Less-In length/width/height-कम- (लम्बाई/चौड़ाई/ऊंचाई में)
The length of this stick is below 4 feet.
The width of that book was below seven inches.
He is below 6 feet.
17. Before/Earlier than- से पहले, के सामने
It indicates earlier than a Certain Point of Time
Past/ Future के समय/घटना से पहले
He said that he had come two hours before.
He came before 8 o’clock.
My salary will be paid 10 days before yours.
Mohan went for a run before breakfast.
This train will reach before time.
In front of-सामने
Don’t get nervous before the audience.
He can’t dare to speak before me.
He was standing before me.
He was produced before the court.
He presented the new evidence before the judge.
18. After- के बाद, पीछे
Duration (अवधि)
I will meet you after 10 hours.
He will go to America after 4 days.
Today, we are talking over the phone after four years.
Point in time
He met Rohit after 10.
He came after me.
The train will reach after time.
I will meet you after 10 o’clock.
To be after someone- किसी के पीछे पड़ना
He was after that girl.
The police are after the thief.
I am after Dad for money.
The police had been after the thief since yesterday morning.
He is running after you.
19. Between-दो के बीच में (two)
The preposition ‘between’ indicates between two people, places, or objects.
Distribute the sweets between these two children.
She is sitting between her father and her brother.
The next match will be played between India and Pak.
There is a good friendship between him and her.
I sat down between Reena and Ishita.
the duration of two points of time
( समय के दो बिंदुओं की अवधि)
I am available between 4:30 and 6:00 in the evening.
If you have any queries, you can contact us between 10 am and 4 pm.
His monthly income is between 10k and 50k.
The two cats divided the bread between themselves.
Note- between के साथ हमेशा ‘and’ लगता है।
(‘and’ conjunction is used with between.)
Between can also be used for more than two persons or things in order to tell the reciprocal/ mutual relationship.
( पारस्परिक संबंध बताने के लिए ‘between’ का प्रयोग दो से अधिक व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं के लिए भी किया जा सकता है।)
There is an alliance between these four countries of Asia.
A new deal has been signed between India, China and Pakistan.
The negotiations between England, America, and Russia are going well.
20. Among/Amongst- दो से ज़्यादा के बीच में (More than two)
(The preposition ‘among’ indicates more than two people, places, or objects.)
I enjoy being among my friends.
The property was divided among the three sisters.
I have spent 10 years among those people.
Ravi was the tallest among all the players.
She is sitting among Ajay, Varun, and Abhishek.
There should be no misunderstanding among the friends.
Note- Both ‘between’ and ‘among’ come with countable nouns.
21. Amid/Amidst- के बीच में
(Used for uncountable nouns)
Used to describe being in the middle of situations, environments, or abstract entities.
(किसी हालात/परिस्थिति/मन की स्थिती के बीच में)
I found a gold ring amid the heap of the garbage.
The parliament has passed the bill amid the huge noise.
Amid this confusion, all my time was wasted.
I lost my phone amid the chaos in the party.
Amid the excitement of the party, I forgot all my troubles.
I came here amid heavy rain.
22. Against-In the opposition of
Opposing something/ somebody-किसी चीज़ या व्यक्ति के खिलाफ/के विरूद्ध
We should not go against the law.
The workers have acted against the orders of the directors.
He is provoking him against me.
The minister conspired against the king.
I am against terrorism.
I will continue my protest against them.
Against- opposite direction(विपरीत दिशा)
It is difficult to paddle the cycle against wind.
It is difficult to sail against the current.
Against- Pressing on(दबाव)
He is leaning against the wall.
Don’t lean against the wall.
23. Opposite- facing each other
(ठीक सामने दूसरी तरफ, उल्टा, विपरीत)
My house is just opposite your shop.
He was standing opposite you.
You will sit opposite me.
There is a bank opposite my friend’s home.
She lives in the house opposite mine.
I sat opposite my friend at the table.
24. Behind- पीछे
(The preposition ‘behind’ indicates at the back (of).)
Sequence – क्रम
There is a garden behind the house.
He was behind his brother in the queue.
His house is just behind my house.
The car behind us was flashing its lights.
He is behind all this.
I hung the towel behind the door.
Behind (time-समय)
Our college days will soon be far behind us.
Behind ( hidden- छिपा हुआ)
The moon disappeared behind a cloud.
I knew that behind her smile was sadness.
25. Through-एक पार से दूसरे पार( one side to another)
(Going inside and coming out on the other side)
I can see through the window.
The train passed through the tunnel.
I can see inside through this hole.
The mouse is sneaking through the hole.
The wounded tiger passed through the forest.
Means or method( साधन या विधि)
She succeeded through hard work.
They went through the entire document.
I learned about it through my friend.
26. Via- से, के रास्ते
1. किसी जगह (place) से होते हुए
The train will go to Delhi via Rohtak.
He travelled via Jaipur.
I went to Mauritius via Dubai.
2. किसी माध्यम (Medium) से
I sent him my picture via Bluetooth.
You can send messages via wifi.
Note- इन सब sentences में via की जगह through का भी प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
27. Across- going from one end to the other(इस ओर से उस ओर)
It shows a movement from one point to another point. (With action verb)
He swam across the river.
Can you jump across the wall?
He walked across the road.
A tree fell across the railway line.
News spread across the entire country.
On the opposite side-(उस पार)
( connecting both ends of anything- किसी भी चीज़ के दोनों सिरों को जोड़ना)-( with stative verb)
My house is across the street.
There is a village across the river.
There was a man standing across the road.
There was a hamlet across that mountain.
28. Until/Till (तक)
(It marks the end of an action.)
किसी निश्चित समय तक (point in time)
Rohit was watching television till/until 11 pm.
We will wait for you till/until 3 pm.
He was studying till/until the age of 25.
My father will stay at home till/until 4 o’clock.
I will be there until/till Wednesday.
I will wait till/until Monday.
किसी नम्बर (Number) तक
Recite the table till/until 25.
Play all the stages till/until 10 from here.
Note- Till/ until का प्रयोग जब preposition के रूप में किया जाता है तब इन्हें interchangeably प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
29. Along/Alongside-बगल में साथ-साथ
The preposition ‘along’ indicates parallel movement or side-by-side movement.
I saw him walking along the road.
Turn right and go along the railway tracks.
We can park our vehicles along this road.
I followed him along the corridor.
There are many flower plants along the wall.
A truck is parked alongside/ along the road.
Lamps were placed along the path.
We walked along the river.
30. Beneath/underneath
नीचे- पूरी तरह ढके हुए (Fully covered)
A ten rupee note is beneath the pillow.
That photograph is underneath my book.
The snake is hiding beneath/ underneath the bricks.
I found the purse beneath the pillow.
My laptop was underneath the pillow.
There is something underneath that lid.
31. During- के दौरान (in a duration of time)
The preposition ‘during’ indicates the duration of an action.
Please remain seated during the performance.
I met him during my time in London.
During- v1+ ing ×××( इसके बाद gerund use नहीं होता बल्कि event/ occasion लगाया जाता है।
We enjoyed during the trip.
Everyone was present during the speech.
I was feeling appetite during work.
The power went out during a snowstorm.
32. Beside (के बगल में)-at the side of
The preposition ‘by/ beside/ next to/ adjacent indicates the side of something.
There is a temple beside my house.
The bank is by/ beside/ next to/adjacent the hotel.
She sat beside her friend in class.
The book is kept beside the laptop.
Who is this beautiful girl sitting beside you?
Ansh is sitting beside his brother.
33. Besides –के अलावा (के अतिरिक्त)-In addition to
Besides this pen, I have two more pens.
Besides chocolate, she gave me money too.
Which other vegetables do you like besides this one?
There are two more temples at this village besides this temple.
Besides the safety of your money, banks provide interest on it.
What else do you do besides this work?
Besides English, I know Urdu and Punjabi.
34. Except-के अलावा(को छोड़कर)-Excluding
This shop is open every day except Sunday.
I can scold anyone except you.
Give me anything except it.
I eat all the fruits except apples.
35. Throughout- सारा, पूरा
We worked throughout the night.
We should keep smiling throughout the day.
He didn’t give up honesty throughout his life.
I was upset throughout the day.
36. Beyond-(के आगे, पार, परे)
किसी जगह/चीज़ (place/thing) के आगे/पार/परे
What is beyond this wall?
Don’t go beyond this line.
There is a temple beyond this mountain.
Have you ever gone beyond those hills?
किसी निराकार (Abstract) के आगे/पार/परे जिसे छू या देख नहीं सकते
There is something beyond this universe.
To solve this puzzle is beyond my capacity.
This is beyond science.
This is beyond my reach.
This is beyond my imagination.
37. Round/Around-चारों ओर/आस-पास/ लगभग
The Earth revolves around the sun.
A fence was built around the park.
They sat around a fireplace.
There are many trees around the park.
There were many people around me, yet I was lonely.
They looked around the room.
They are sitting around the dinner table.
लगभग-Approximate time, number, or quantity
I’ll be there around 3 pm.
It costs me around Rs. 500.
He was born around 1990.
38. About- के बारे में
He is talking about me.
I want to know about him.
This article is about soldiers.
लगभग (approximately)
It is about 10 km away from Delhi.
He is about to come.
39. Than-Used for comparison
(तुलना करने के लिए प्रयोग होता है।)
I got/scored more marks than you.
A giraffe is taller than a lion.
I am better than you.
You are taller than him.
40. Inside- अंदर/ भीतर होना
( Closed from all sides)
What is inside this box?
He was inside the house, not outside.
The hotel is inside the college.
The toy is inside the box.
He is inside the house.
41. Outside- बाहर होना
He was standing outside the classroom.
They were outside the school premises.
I am outside of your office.
42. Up/ Down- to/at the higher or lower level (उच्च या निम्न स्तर पर)
He climbed up the tree when he saw the police.
She came down the tree when the police went.
He climbed up/ down the tree.
2. Double prepositions in English
These are formed by joining two basic prepositions that function as a single preposition.
( इनका निर्माण दो simple prepositions को मिलाने से होता है जो एक एकल preposition के रूप में कार्य करते हैं।)
Examples-
onto, upon, within, without, into, etc.
1. Into-अंदर जाना (To go inside-Medium/ state changes)
(Movement from outside to a point inside something)
We got into the back of the car.
He dived into the river.
Try to go into the depth of a topic.
He poured the water into the bottle.
The residents got/put into trouble.
He put the pen into the pocket.
The filthy roads were changed into clean roads.
Translate the passage into English.
Entry into this hall is prohibited.
Note- Preposition का लगना या न लगना किसी word की part of speech पर भी depend करता है। ‘Enter’ एक verb है इसके साथ ‘into’ नहीं लगेगा पंरतु ‘Entry’ एक noun है। इसके साथ ‘into’ का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
Enter+into-×××
He entered the hall. (physical location)
To enter into is used for starting or joining something.
They entered into an agreement/pact/alliance/argument.
2. Onto-ऊपर / पर जाना ( movement and then touch)
(Movement toward a new position on a surface)
Let’s get back onto the path.
The cat jumped onto the sofa.
I throw the book onto the table.
The monkey jumped onto the other table.
He mounted onto the horse.
He climbed onto the vehicle and settled on the soft cushion.
3. Within- समयावधि के अन्दर ( within a time period)
The preposition ‘within’ indicates before the end of a certain period.
The work should be done within a week.
Examinees have to finish their test within three hours.
The students will complete the work within an hour.
This work will have been finished within a few hours.
Its result will be announced within a few weeks.
I will return the book within 5 days.
(before 5 days)
4. Without- बिना
To manage without something-बिना किसी चीज़ के काम चलाना
I am nothing without you.
You cannot run a house without money.
Where will the money come from without a job?
Rahul without his brothers is playing.
5. Upon-movement ( ऊपर से नीचे )
(“Upon” is used in the sense of an object in motion.)
The book fell upon the table.
The cat jumped upon/onto the chair.
The tiger pounced upon the boy.
The lion pounced upon the deer.
The cat jumped upon the wall.
Note- upon की जगह ‘onto’ का भी प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
Conclusion:
आशा करते है कि आपको ये आर्टिकल अच्छा लगा होगा और इस आर्टिकल की सहायता से आपको Prepositions in English को समझने में काफी मदद मिली होगी। अगर आपके मन में कोई सवाल हो तो आप हमें नीचे कमेंट में पूछ सकते है। इस आर्टिकल को आप अपने मित्रों के साथ सोशल मीडिया पर शेयर जरुर करें।
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thank you!
Awesome article!!!!
Great content!!!
Keep it up.